Category Archives: James Braid: The Founder of Hypnotherapy
What Bernheim Really Said about Hypnosis
This short article provides some little-known quotations from Hippolyte Bernheim’s later writings in which the father of 20th century hypnotism makes it clear that he does not consider hypnosis to be in any way related to sleep but rather to be a general state of heightened suggestibility. Continue reading
Muscular Suggestion in Hypnosis and the James-Lange Theory of Emotion
The influential James-Lange theory of emotion has a precursor in the “muscular suggestion” technique of James Braid, the founder of hypnotherapy. This article explores how Braid used hypnosis “from the outside in” to evoke subjective responses to physical manipulation. Continue reading
The Origin of Hypnotism: James Braid’s Life & Work
James Braid’s life and works, an excerpt from the book The Discovery of Hypnosis: The Complete Writings of James Braid (2009). Continue reading
The Original Hypnotic Eye-Fixation Technique
This article desribes the original hypnotic eye-fixation induction technique drawing upon quotations from James Braid, the founder of hypnotherapy. Continue reading
The Dangers of Hypnotism?
Brief account James Braid’s original response to the question of dangers attributed to hypnotism and how this is consistent with modern reviews of the research. Continue reading
Braid’s Nine Observations on Hypnotism
Nine points summarising James Braid’s original theory of hypnotism, from Neurypnology (1843). Continue reading
That Hypnosis Never Meant Sleep
It is a common misconception that hypnotism involves being asleep or unconscious. To some extent this is due to the fact that the word “hypnotism” comes from the Greek word for sleep. However, James Braid, the founder of hypnotherapy, bemoaned this misconception himself and was emphatic that 90% of his patients were conscious during hypnosis. Continue reading
James Braid’s Final Views on Hypnotism
This article outlines the final views of James Braid, the founder of hypnotherapy, as summarised by his follower, Dr. John Milne Bramwell. Continue reading
Did Hypnotism Originate as a Form of Meditation?
This short article explains how hypnotism actually originated, in part, under the influence of Oriental meditation techniques, described in the writings of James Braid, the founder of hypnotherapy. Continue reading
The Discovery of Hypnosis: The Complete Writings of James Braid (2009)
Some reviews and free online sample of the new collected edition of James Braid’s writings. Continue reading


